Ansible(3)——template

**1. 简述**
```
template也是个模块, 遵循[jinja2](http://jinja.pocoo.org/ "jinja2")语法，
熟悉python的朋友应该对这个比较了解，
不太了解可以取官网站上看一下下，这里只做简单的介绍
```
**2. jinja2**
```
字面量
	字符串：使用单引号或双引号； 
	数字：整数、浮点数；
	列表：[item1, item2, ...]
	元组：(item1, item2, ...)
	字典：{key1:value1, key2:value2, ...}
	布尔型
		true/false
算术运算：
	+, -, *, /, //, %, **
比较操作：
	==, !=, >, <, >=, <=
逻辑运算
	and, or, not 
流表达式
	for if when
```
**3. template**
```
注意： 此模板不能在命令行使用，而只能用于playbook；
示例：
	---
	- hosts: testsrvs
	  remote_user: root
	  vars:
		http_port: 88

tasks:
		- name: install package
		  yum: name=nginx
		- name: copy template
		  template: src=nginx.conf.j2 dest=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
		  notify: restart nginx
		- name: start service
		  service: name=nginx state=started enabled=yes

handlers:
		- name: restart nginx
		  service: name=nginx state=restarted enabled=yes
```
**4. when**
```
条件测试： 如果需要根据变量、facts或此前任务的执行结果来作为某task执行与否的前提时要用到
		  条件测试，在task中使用，jinja2的语法格式

示例：
---
- hosts: testsrvs
  remote_user: root
  vars:
    http_port: 88

tasks:
    - name: install package
      yum: name=nginx
    - name: copy template for centos7
      template: src=nginx.conf7.j2 dest=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
      when: ansible_distribution_major_version == "7"
      notify: restart nginx
    - name: copy template for centos6
      template: src=nginx.conf6.j2 dest=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
      when: ansible_distribution_major_version == "6"
      notify: restart nginx
    - name: start service
      service: name=nginx state=started enabled=yes

handlers:
    - name: restart nginx
      service: name=nginx state=restarted enabled=yes
```
**5. 迭代**
```
(1) 固定变量名为item	{{ item }}
(2) tasks中使用with_item给定要迭代的元素
	 with_items:
       - file1
       - file2
       - file3
	——————————————
	 with_items:
	  - { name: 'usert1', group: 'g1'}
	  - { name: 'usert2', group: 'g2'}
	  - { name: 'usert3', group: 'g3'}
(3) 列表格式： 字典或字符串
(4) 基于字符串列表给出元素
---------------------------------------------------------------------
	---
	- hosts: testsrvs
	  remote_user: root

tasks:
		- name: create some file
		  file: name=/data/<ruby>item }} state=touch
		  when<rp> (</rp><rt>ansible_distribution_major_version == "7"
		  with_items:
			- file1
			- file2
			- file3
		- name: install some packages
		  yum: name={{ item</rt><rp>) </rp></ruby>
		  with_items:
			- htop
			- sl
			- hping3
---------------------------------------------------------------------
(5) 基于字典列表给元素示例
---------------------------------------------------------------------
- hosts: all
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
  - name: create group
    group: name=<ruby>item }} state=present
    with_items<rp> (</rp><rt>- groupx1
    - groupx2
    - groupx3
  - name: create user
    user: name={{ item.name</rt><rp>) </rp></ruby> group={{ item.group }} state=present 
    with_items:
    - { name : 'userx1',group : 'groupx1' }
    - { name : 'userx2',group : 'groupx2' }
    - { name : 'userx3',group : 'groupx3' }
---------------------------------------------------------------------
```
**6. for/if **
```
# testfor.yml
---
- hosts: all
  remote_user: root
  vars:
    ports:
      - web1:
        port: 81
        #name: web1.com
        rootdir: /data/website1
      - web2:
        port: 82
        name: web2.com
        rootdir: /data/website2
      - web3:
        port: 83
        name: web3.com
        rootdir: /data/website3
  
  tasks:
    - name: cp conf
      template: src=for1.conf.j2 dest=/data/for1.conf
	  
----------------------------------------------------------
# templates/testfor.conf.j2
{% for p in ports %}
  server {
    listen {{ p.port  }};
    {% if p.name is defined%}
      server_name {{ p.name }};
    {% endif %}
    root {{ p.rootdir }};
}

{% endfor %}
```

Ansible(3)——template

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